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Heel Pressure Blister Prevention in Orthopedic Surgery Patients

Nancy L. Grandovic, RN, BSN, MEd., Heritage Valley Health System, Magnet Coordinator, Sewickley Valley Hospital, 720 Blackburn Rd, Sewickley, PA 15143, Kathy Valenty, RN, BSN, MSN, Heritage Valley Health System, Manager, Orthopedic/Rehabilitation, Sewickley Valley Hospital, 720 Blackburn Rd, Sewickley, PA 15143, Judy Reiner, RN, BSN, MSN, Heritage Valley Health System, Manager, Inpatient Psychiatric Unit, Sewickley Valley Hospital, 720 Blackburn Rd, Sewickley, PA 15143, Vanessa Santucci, RN, BSN, Heritage Valley Health System, Manager, Outpatient Surgery, Sewickley Valley Hospital, 720 Blackburn Rd, Sewickley, PA 15143, Shelley Wrotney, RN, BSN, Heritage Valley Health System, Staff Nurse Rehabilitation, Sewickley Valley Hospital, 720 Blackburn Rd, Sewickley, PA 15143, Ken McHattie, BSHA, Heritage Valley Health System, Clinical Quality Analyst, Sewickley Valley Hospital, 720 Blackburn Rd, Sewickley, PA 15143, Diane D. Heasley, RN, MSN, MEd, CWCN, DermaRite Industries, Vice President of Clinical Services, 178 Whites Hill Road, Rochester, PA 15074, Tibor Ketzan, MD, Heritage Valley Health System, Physician, Sewickley Valley Hospital, 720 Blackburn Rd, Sewickley, PA 15143, and Beth Jones, RN, Heritage Valley Health System, Manager, Post Anesthesia Care Unit, Sewickley Valley Hospital, 720 Blackburn Rd, Sewickley, PA 15143.

PROBLEM Prevention of heel pressure blisters is challenging for immobile orthopedic patients. An increase of skin breakdown in joint replacement patients prompted registered nurses to conduct a study to determine the efficacy of heel pillows versus a durable, cyanoacrylate liquid barrier film - LiquiShieldTM MedLogic UK. METHODOLOGY Patients (n=146) admitted for primary hip (n=55) or knee replacement (n=91) surgery (DRG 209) over a 3 month period. Heel pillows or LiquiShieldTM used exclusively for alternating one-week periods. Heel pillows applied in the post anesthesia care unit. LiquiShieldTM applied once, post-op day one. Daily Skin assessment, Braden Scale, ASA score, heel elevation were recorded by trained Registered Nurse staff. RESULTS Heel pillows=85 patients, LiquiShieldTM =61 patients. Eighteen patients had some signs of skin breakdown (10 heel pillows, 8 LiquiShieldTM). Erythema of the heels occurred on post-operative day one in 6 heel pillows patients and in 5 patients prior to the application of LiquiShieldTM. By post-operative day four there was a 90% decrease of heel erythema for LiquiShieldTM treated patients compared to 42% decrease for heel pillows (p=0.027). No correlation was found between elevated heels or ASA scores and signs of skin breakdown. Costs of using LiquiShieldTM were also significantly lower than the use of heel pillows ($1.68 v $14.50). CONCLUSIONS LiquiShieldTM is a simple and cost-effective technique to prevent skin breakdown related to friction and shear in the orthopedic patients.

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