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Teaching practices about pressure ulcer prevention and treatment at public nursing schools in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil

Maria H. Caliri, PhD, RN, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, Associate Professor, Bandeirantes Av, 3900, Campus da USP, Ribeirao Preto, 14040-902, Brazil and Nádia A. Poletti, PhD, RN, Nursing Department. Medical School of Sao Jose do Rio Preto, Professor, Brigadeiro Faria Lima Avenue, 5416, Sao Jose do Rio Preto, 15090-000, Brazil.

This descriptive study involved 36 teachers of eight Baccalaureate Nursing Courses at Public Higher Education Institutions in the state of São Paulo, Brazil and aimed to identify their educational preparation, methods used for teaching and contents taught to students about pressure ulcer (PU) prevention and treatment, as well the challenges and difficulties they face to teach this subject. Data were collected after IRB approval through a questionnaire with closed and open-ended questions, constructed on the basis of the NPUAP recommended competency-based curriculum. Most teachers were women (97.2%), married (75%), between 41 and 45 years old (36%). A majority had obtained a BSN 16 to 25 years ago (62%), had an MSN degree (83%) and a PhD (53%). Only three held a wound care or dermatology specialty certificate (8%) and 30% updated their knowledge by reading international publications related to wound care. In the classroom, the most common method was lectures (44%) and, at the teaching lab, demonstration by faculty (58%). The number of students per class ranged from 30 to 80 (M 5.5 and SD 8.9). The PU prevention content faculty most frequently taught students was related to risk factors (92%), while the least taught was nursing documentation related to risk assessment, skin conditions and prevention (36%). As to PU treatment, wound assessment was the most frequently taught by faculty (81%), and multidisciplinary care plan the least taught (12%). With respect to faculty's difficulties and challenges to teach this subject, the most frequent issue was lack of time for learning new content in this area, and lack of clinical experience, as many teachers do not practice what they teach. The results of this study show areas for improvements in teacher education, using educational technology that is present in most Brazilian universities nowadays.

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