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The Use of Enzymatic Debridement of Necrotic Tissue

E. Ann Roney, RN, BSN, MS, CHCNS, CWOCN, Washington County Hospital, Program Manager, Wound, Ostomy, Continence Services, 251 East Antietam Street, Hagerstown, MD 21740

Purpose: To debride necrotic tissue in preparation for healing. Statement of Clinical Problem: A 54 year old male with diabetes is admitted to the Wound Healing Center after developing a wound secondary to a blunt trauma to the left lower mid-anterior leg. The wound had been present for several weeks and had become larger, necrotic and was developing cellulitis. The patient had no insurance and consequently had not sought medical help for this issue. He had used various wound treatment modalities including peroxide and neosporin ointment with no improvement.He reported to Urgent Care one weekend when he observed his blood sugars becoming higher and his wound worsening. The periwound area was macerated with blanchable erythema present. The wound, which measured 8.4 cm x 2.5 cm x 0.3 cm, had a wound base that was 75% necrotic with a combination of wet black eschar and yellow slough which was odorous. Edema of the leg was present, with taut, shiny skin present. A vascular evaluation was done, osteomyelitis was ruled out and lab work was completed. Blood sugars were elevated to 322. Albumin was 3.0. Current Clinical Approach: The wound was cleansed with normal saline solution and was sharply debrided. An enzymatic debriding ointment containing Papain Urea was applied to the residual necrotic tissue and covered with a saline-soaked gauze. The patient was instructed to change the dressing daily. Patient Outcomes: Within 2 weeks, the necrotic tissue was totally debrided from the wound base. At that time a topical emulsion ointment was utilized daily with a dressing to facilitate closure of the wound. Total healing was achieved in 6 weeks. Conclusions: The enzymatic debriding ointment was a successful method of choice for conservative wound debridement in preparation for healing.

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