Factors Related to Ostomy Leakage in the Community Setting

PURPOSE:

The purpose of this study was to describe demographic and clinical variables related to ostomy pouch leakage from those discharged from a major medical center during a 2-year period.

SUBJECTS AND SETTING:

A convenience sample of 198 ostomates was obtained using the ICD-9 codes for colostomy, ileostomy, and urostomy for patients that were discharged from the medical center within the time frame of July 2009 to July 2011. One hundred seven ostomates returned the completed survey.

METHODS:

A descriptive survey research design was used to describe clinical variables related to ostomy pouch leakage. Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval was obtained. Participants were mailed introductory letter from the principal investigator, a self-administered questionnaire, and a prepaid return envelope. 

RESULTS:

The sample comprised 57 males (53%) and 50 females (47%). Fecal ostomies made up the majority of the stomas representing 71 (66%) patients. Ninety-three patients (87%) reported leakage versus 14 patients (13%) reporting no leakage with their ostomy. However, 48 (45%) patients stated that the leakage was not often. A logistic regression was estimated to determine which variables were significant predictors of the dependent variable of leaking status (no/seldom leaking vs. more frequent leaking). Two variables were individually significant predictors, sex (p = .021) and two piece pouch (p = .015). Females were 4 times more likely to be in the more frequent leaking group than were males. Those that were wearing two piece pouches were 78% less likely to be in the more frequent leaking group.  

CONCLUSIONS:

Research studies that describe characteristics of ostomy leakage in the home setting are limited. Identifying those patients that are at greater risk for leakage is important to proactively target these patients to minimize leakage complications and increase pouch weartime.